{"id":8953,"date":"2013-03-26T09:53:38","date_gmt":"2013-03-25T23:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/knowledgetoday\/?p=8953"},"modified":"2013-03-26T09:55:38","modified_gmt":"2013-03-25T23:55:38","slug":"states-of-decay-complementing-the-federal-carbon-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/blog\/2013\/03\/states-of-decay-complementing-the-federal-carbon-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"States of decay: complementing the federal carbon policy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ceem.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/profile\/public\/uploads\/profile\/Martin_0.jpg\" alt=\"Martin C. Jones\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Martin C. Jones<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.globescan.com\/commentary-and-analysis\/press-releases\/press-releases-2013\/261-environmental-concerns-at-record-lows-global-poll.html\">In a survey last year<\/a> of 22,812 people across 22 countries (including Australia), the polling  organisation GlobeScan found that environmental concerns had fallen  worldwide since 2009, and fewer than one in two people (49%) now viewed  climate change as a \u201cvery serious\u201d problem. GlobeScan\u2019s chairman, Doug  Miller, commented: \u201cScientists report that evidence of environmental  damage is stronger than ever \u2013 but our data shows that economic crisis  and a lack of political leadership mean that the public are starting to  tune out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Miller\u2019s comments could have been tailor-made for Australia. The famous \u201chockey stick graph\u201d of rising temperatures <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2013\/03\/were-screwed-11-000-years-worth-of-climate-data-prove-it\/273870\/\">has been confirmed<\/a>, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations spiked dangerously <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/environment\/2013\/mar\/08\/hawaii-climate-change-second-greatest-annual-rise-emissions\">upward in 2012<\/a>.  The Australian Climate Change Commission found that climate change is  already adversely affecting Australians with record-breaking heat,  severe bushfires, extreme rainfall, and damaging floods \u2013 byproducts of  the <a href=\"http:\/\/climatecommission.gov.au\/report\/the-angry-summer\/\">\u201cAngry Summer\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Yet with the centrepiece of Australia\u2019s climate policy not even a  year old, most Australians are sick of it, or sick of hearing about it \u2013  fewer than <a href=\"http:\/\/essentialvision.com.au\/trust-in-information\">13% trust what politicians say<\/a> about major public issues like climate change. And in the shadow of the <a href=\"http:\/\/cleanenergyfuture.gov.au\/\">Clean Energy Future package (CEF)<\/a>, state and federal governments are quietly <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatespectator.com.au\/commentary\/abdication-climate-policy\">letting other climate policies slip<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This \u201cabdication of climate policy\u201d, as Tristan Edis <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatespectator.com.au\/commentary\/abdication-climate-policy\">calls it<\/a>,  wouldn\u2019t be so bad if Australia\u2019s climate policy were perfect. But it  isn\u2019t; no policy is. The carbon price, while worth having, is a broad,  blunt tool that covers two-thirds of Australia\u2019s greenhouse gas  emissions. The rest of the CEF fills in some gaps, but there is ample  room for further complementary climate policy at a state and federal  level.<\/p>\n<p>I wrote last year <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/state-climate-schemes-still-worthwhile-under-a-carbon-price-6131\">on this topic<\/a>,  giving reasons why state (or other federal) climate policies could  still be worthwhile under the CEF. This would mean innovative approaches  such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>addressing areas that don\u2019t respond well or rapidly to price changes<\/li>\n<li>shifting <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/hard-habit-to-break-getting-out-of-our-energy-wasting-ways-11538\">habits<\/a>, socially-shaped preferences, or intrinsic motivation<\/li>\n<li>investing in worthwhile programs the private sector is unlikely to fund<\/li>\n<li>addressing goals other than least-cost abatement, such as improving energy efficiency in <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/coags-energy-market-reforms-must-protect-the-poor-11225\">disadvantaged households<\/a><\/li>\n<li>making Australia\u2019s climate policy robust; that is, giving it the  ability to maintain a minimum level of performance under a range of  possible future conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My colleague, Paul Twomey, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/renewable-energy-tariffs-subsidies-targets-are-such-policies-needed-under-a-carbon-price-3110\">wrote in a similar vein<\/a> the year before.<\/p>\n<p>Academics aren\u2019t alone in regarding (some) additional policies positively. Five years ago the federal government received a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.finance.gov.au\/publications\/strategic-reviews\/index.html\">strategic review<\/a> of its climate change programs, assessing them for efficiency,  effectiveness, appropriateness, and complementarity with the Carbon  Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS, the forerunner to the current Clean  Energy Future package).<\/p>\n<p>Named after its author, the 249-page Wilkins Review formalised  criteria that governments could use to assess which climate policies  complement a federal carbon price. Reasons for needing complementary  policies included market failure, inefficiency, covering sectors that  emissions trading can\u2019t, helping people make informed decisions to  change their behaviour, social equity, or where the underlying problems  of climate change differ across regions. Some of those may sound  familiar.<\/p>\n<p>And it\u2019s not as though states have never complemented federal policy,  in climate or in other areas. One of the great benefits of federalism  is that states can compete with each other to provide better policies,  the best of which then (ideally) percolate to the national level. NSW  had an emissions trading scheme in 2003, one of the first in the world.  Queensland started transitioning to a lower-carbon economy in 2005 with  its 13% Gas Scheme. Victoria\u2019s Industry Greenhouse Program to regulate  industrial emissions and energy efficiency was another world-leading  climate policy.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, under the constitution, states \u2013 and councils \u2013 have a duty  to act in many areas. They hold powers the federal government doesn\u2019t \u2013  education, the environment, or town planning. These are clearly areas  where state and local governments should be complementing federal  climate policy, as they have not only the power but the best knowledge  of the field. They are, quite literally, at the coal-face and on the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/australia-can-do-better-on-managing-disasters-10284\">front line of disaster management<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The need for climate action remains. The scope for complementary  policy remains. The duty of governments to act remains. But in many  areas, they are going backward. Energy efficiency activities are being  scaled back. Construction of renewable energy plants is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.melbourne.foe.org.au\/?q=node\/1007\">being cruelled<\/a>. And electricity price freezes or subsidies <a href=\"http:\/\/reneweconomy.com.au\/2013\/newman-playing-dangerous-game-of-solar-politics-21866\">are on the cards<\/a> \u2013 as far from a complementary measure to a carbon price as is possible.  How you can you make a polluting product more expensive if it\u2019s subject  to a price freeze?<\/p>\n<p>These actions make Australia dangerously vulnerable to the fate of  its carbon pricing scheme, and there\u2019s no certainty it will last the  next term of government. If the CEF is scrapped, or fails, what do we  have to replace it? The Coalition\u2019s Direct Action package has a far  narrower scope than the current carbon price, and relies on soil carbon  measures <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.edu.au\/will-the-oppositions-direct-action-plan-work-12309\">unproven at the suggested scale and cost<\/a>. State governments aren\u2019t competing to beat each other or the federal government on climate policy, as they once did.<\/p>\n<p>As the risks of a dangerous climate increase, Australian governments  are risking measures needed to ward it off and respond adequately. If  GlobeScan polled me, I\u2019d say that\u2019s a very serious problem.<\/p>\n<p><em><a title=\"Martin C. Jones\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ceem.unsw.edu.au\/staff\/martin-c-jones\" target=\"_blank\">Martin C. Jones<\/a> is an environmental economist from the Australian School of Business.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Martin C. Jones In a survey last year of 22,812 people across 22 countries (including Australia), the polling organisation GlobeScan found that environmental concerns had fallen worldwide since 2009, and fewer than one in two people (49%) now viewed climate change as a \u201cvery serious\u201d problem. GlobeScan\u2019s chairman, Doug Miller, commented: \u201cScientists report that evidence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":336,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12696,257,12758],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public-policy","category-sustainability","category-taxation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/336"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8953"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8959,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8953\/revisions\/8959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.unsw.edu.au\/BTOpinion\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}