A glitch in the matrix – meet Sara, the woman using maths to understand bacterial evolution

By Charlotte Beloe

Dr Sara Loo

Most of us have a preconceived idea of maths as a dry, difficult subject… but is it really? Not according to Sara Loo; Research Associate in the School of Biotechnical and Biomolecular Science (BABS) and one of our Early Career Researcher Champions.

Sara’s research is in mathematical evolutionary biology. “Though the emphasis is more on the maths,” she clarifies. “One of my current projects is looking into bacterial evolution, so how pathogens mutate during infections.”

So what does that mean? “When a person is sick they often are infected with a number of different strains of bacteria. But as the epidemic spreads from person to person we don’t often see as much variation as we do in individuals,” explains Sara. “I look at how selection pressures can act on pathogens and their ability to spread.”

Where does the maths come in? Well, Sara’s work is all theoretical and computer-based. “I work on simulations of what might happen under different circumstances,” says Sara. “I’ve been playing around with simulating a nucleotide sequence and [seeing] how it may change under different selection pressures,” she continues. “My work brings together mathematical and evolutionary techniques.”

Interestingly enough, science was not Sara’s intended career path growing up. “I always wanted to be a journalist,” she muses. Both her parents are journalists by trade and she admits this may have guided her ambitions. However, going through school Sara found that she was good at maths and in fact quite enjoyed the logic of it. Following her new-found passion, Sara did a degree in Medical Mathematics at the University of Wollongong. Her interest in how maths applied to sciences fuelled her desire to learn more and pursue her current career.

Through her education and research Sara has found maths to be rather different to what we might assume. “I think people don’t realise how creative [maths] can be,” says Sara. “It’s just about trying to solve problems in as simple a way as possible, and often that requires a lot of creativity.”

Sara’s five seconds of fame – getting her graph retweet by a Kardashian

So what is life like outside of work for Sara? Well she has quite a number of interests including listening to music, playing the piano, running, reading novels, thinking about culture and… data visualisation? “That’s actually my little claim to fame,” laughs Sara, and it’s true! She and her brother analysed Kanye West’s lyrics and links to spirituality… which was retweeted by none other than Kim Kardashian!

So what does the future hold for Sara? Well in the long-term her passion for journalism hasn’t left her. “I would really like to get into science communication; I really enjoy writing.” she says. It’s a pursuit she has already started on, being one of our program blog editors and writing a number of articles herself.

Sara’s enthusiasm for both maths and science communication is obvious as we chat. It is this passion for learning and teaching in people such as Sara that will encourage the next generation of mathematicians and help people understand how fun and creative maths can be.

Follow Sara on Twitter

2020 Vision for Women in STEM

By Charlotte Beloe

Prof Lisa Harvey-Smith Addresses the National Press Club. Source: Inside UNSW

At the end of 2019 Professor Lisa Harvey-Smith, Astronomer and Women in STEM Ambassador, gave an address at the National Press Club of Australia. The focus of this address was on promoting gender equity in STEM and as the first year of the new decade builds momentum, we thought it important to reflect on Lisa’s speech.

Now more than ever is a great time for women in maths and science, with an increasing number of discussions and support networks focused on gender equity and encouraging women in STEM roles. We seem to be on the right track… aren’t we?

Apparently not. “Women make up only 17% of the STEM-qualified population in Australia,” says Lisa. What is more alarming is that over 10 years ago in 2006 it was 15%. “It’s barely inching forward,” she states.

So what is going wrong and more importantly, what can we do about it?

Well, according to Lisa the number of young people getting involved in STEM in Australia is “stagnating and dwindling.” What’s more, by Year 3, young girls have already been profoundly affected by gender bias in the way STEM topics have been introduced to them. This is not only seen in the classroom where girls are more likely to be praised on the appearance of their work rather than the content, but also at home. Lisa mentions one study wherein parents were three times more likely to talk about numbers with boys compared to girls. For example, asking a young boy, “How many flowers are there?” and a young girl, “What colour flowers can you see?”

According to Lisa we can all contribute to the change we want to see through our interactions with younger members in our own families. Unsurprisingly ‘maths anxiety’ affects girls more, and Lisa urges us to approach numbers with a sense of vibrance and positivity which we can impart on younger generations.

Lisa shares her own STEM love story through her new picture book. Source: Twitter

“As adults, the support and encouragement that we can give to young people is the most important thing, the most precious commodity that we can give to our children.” Lisa continues, “to help a young person, to cultivate their sense of wonder and curiosity about the world is an incredible gift that we can give to them.”

On this note Lisa urges us to share our own STEM ‘love stories’, the reasons behind why we are so passionate about what we do. The stories that sparked our own sense of wonder and curiosity in our younger selves. It is our turn to give back and become the role models that inspired us. As our own program founder Prof. Emma Johnston says, “You cannot be what you cannot see.” Words that have become something of a mantra for our champions.

This is something to reflect on and apply in the coming year. To always think how we can be more visible to young girls and spark STEM love stories of their own.

Not sure where to start? Here are a couple of resources recommended by Lisa:

The Girls in STEM Toolkit – A great resource for young women to get involved in STEM.

STEM Women – Find women in STEM who are open to speaking opportunities at schools and events. Or contact us at MathsScienceChampions@unsw.edu.au

Follow Lisa on Twitter.